Improvement in mode



No. 33,283. 4 PATENTBD sEPT.1o,.1a61,

G.SELLERS. f

MODE 0F TRANSMITTING MOTIoN..

fw@ fw@ sufran I Sterns rrrcnl their tOLElAN SELLERS, OF' PIHLADELPHIA,` PENNSYLVANIA, ASSlG-NIDP- .il lVM. SELLERS d: CO., OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT iN Moos or rsanswnrrlne Morton.

` Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 33,2@39 dated September 10, 186i.

To @ZZ zomn't t v:1n/ray concern:

lie it known that l, COLEMAN SEBRLERS, of

Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania havein vented a new and usefulModeof Trains mittiug Motion; and l do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

The object of my invention is to effect the transmission of motion by frictionaloontact, so as, first, to insure the adhesion of the surfaces in contact 'and to compensate for inequalities of surface arising either from wear or inaccuracy ct' workmanship without ait" ecting the position of the centers of rotation; secondly, h1o furnish a ready means ot' changing thei relative velocity ofthe driver and driven and, thirdly, to prevent the strain on the jotlirnals beiner increased much, it' any; over what. is duo tothe power transmitted, as inordi'uary cog-gcaring- `To understand fully the nature of my invention, it. is necessary that we should briefly consider the forms of machinery now used for transmitting motion hy frictional contact. The most common form is the ordinarybelt and pulley.` In this the whole power transmitf ted tends to draw the two shafts together, producing a strain on the journals at, least equall to the power transmitted. The necessaryamount. ot adhesion is obtained by tighte'ning,r the belt, either by making it so long and running it horizontally that its own weight will give it the necessary pressure on the con- "tact-surfaces, the Vdrawing,` of -the belt very tight in first uniting its ends, and depending upon the elasticityof the substance forming,r the belt to keep it tight, or the introduction of an intermediate ortight-ening pulley, which,v pressed against the slack side of the belt, keeps npr the pressure on the surfaces of the pulleys. This form, consideri ng the great. lateral strain on the two shafts, does not accomplish the third object of my invention-viz., little or no pressure on thel journals or bearings from the force used in keeping the sur faces in contact.

The second object of my invention can be obtained in the use ot' the belt and pulley by making the well-known device ofthe two conical pulleys with the belt so arranged as to shift over'their varied diameters ybut inl practice this has been found to be very objectioni able, owing to the tendency ot the heit to climb up tothe highest part of the pulley and the unequal stretching of the substance 'coml posing the belt. Hence, although the bei@ and pulley furnish a means of transmimy' motion by frictioual contact, yet they do not fulfill all the requirements that I have sintesi as the objects to be obtained by my invention- Passing' from the belt and pulley, the next. form of device for transmitting motion by t'rictional contact I shall allude to is that which is usually called friction-grearinppH This in its simplest form is where two Wheels with their shafts parallel, have their rims or edges forced together' by pressure on their journals. This has been but a` poor device, for the surface in contact is so small and the absorptionof power from the pressure outhe journals so great that but little 'effective power can be transmitted. f

To obviate this difficulty there has been a plan adopted which seems to work well in practice--viz., grooving the faces of the two wheels with uniform grooves having their sides slightlybeveled, so that when the tongues of one are forcedV into the grooves ot' the other they shall wedge in, and by that means have a great amount of adhesion with little pressure on their journals. This fills the requirenient of the third object of my-inventiombut is not applicable to' either of the other objects; torto force these tongues and grooves into one another of necessity involves a change of position in the axisof one or the other? and at the same time it is not applicable to those cases where a change ot' velocity is dosirable. l QL The only way that friction-gearing has here tofore been applied to accomplish-a change of velocity between two limits ot' speed is Where a wheel is pressed against a face-plate whose axleV is at right angles to theaxis ot' thewheel, and the relative speed of thetwo shafts is gioverned by the position occupied by l.the wheel on the face-plate at a greater or less distance from its center; but this device fails also to meet the requirements abov'eestated, as it is liable to all/the. objections urged against the plain friction-wlx`eels, besides 'the grind ing motion due to the position of the axis of rotation.

"Ehe nature ofmyinvention consists irrthe `shafts A and l.

employment ol iiisk.-\\lieeis which transmitV motion by l'rietionai: contact upon their sides, the i'rict innal surfaces beiugso arranged. as to insure connu-.t only upen. theline of centers of any wo wheels, while the pressure required to produce the necessary' adhesion, being' upon the opposite surfaces, mayibe so contrived` as to produce that result only without much, if

any, pressure from this cause upon the jourthe* annexed drawing, making` part'of this specification, in whichlfigure l lrepresent-s a front elevation of a machine arranged en the principle of in f invention. `Fig. 2 represents a side eievatfosn ef the same machine; and Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and S, various modifications of the same principle, similar letters referring to similar parts.

To accomplish the transmission 'of motion only, A l, Fig. 5, represent two yshafts placed parallel, the one being' the'driver A and the other the driven l. (ln these two shafts-are placed disks C and (1.',having their diameters less than the distance between the two shafts. The sides of these disks are beveled, so as to make them thicker near their hubs than at their'periphery, is shown by the dotted line u: y. Midway between the edges of these disks and on the plane of their shafts is placed an intermediate shaft, l). -Upon this shaft are two disks, E and E', of sufficient diameters to allow them to overreach the peripheries of the disks t) and C. Their faces are beveled to match the bevel of the disks C and C', and hence will bear on the line of centers between cach two shafts, respectively, and not over any extended area, as would be the ease ifthe disks were all flat and touched over thesurfaces of the segments opposed to one another. The disks lt" and lE are loose upon their shafts i), and are. forced together by a powerful sprintf, l1, which can be compressed to any required .degree by a nut and washer, G, thus keeping' up the pressure on the contact-surfaces to the amount necessary for adhesion without requiringanyadjustmentof the centers of the The strain to prod nce this pressure is a tensile strain on the shaft D, and hence vis not applied directly againstthebearings of the shafts A and ll, as is the case with the belt and pulleys or the ordinary plain fric-v tioirgeai'ing, the only pressure from this canse being the slight tendency to wedge out du ring the rollingr motion on the beveled sides. This tendency is diminished by making,l the sides of the disks with onlyenough bevel to give clearance.

In the operation of this form ol' gearing itis evident that, if the shaft A be'made to revolve, it will, from the adhesion on the contact-surfaces above described, tran-smit its mo- 2 l :Bassa tion to the shaft l through the intervention I ef the disks E and E', which kact as 'idlera 'i This represents one application of my invention, and relates only to the transmission of motion, filling the requirements of the firstand third object-s of my invention, but is not applicable to the second object, or the furnishing of a ready means of changing the relative velocity of the driver and driven.l

To accomplish this,'there are two generall modes, the 'same in principle, but differing in application, the first of which is represented in l `igs. 4C and. G, where it is shown that the disks C and C on the shafts A and B are in diameter'about two-thirds of the distance between the two shafts. Their sides are beveled,

as in the former case, notin a right-line,but

They are (lished ont in their centers, leaving y only a small rim, for contact-surface. They are provided with the same spring F and nut and washer G as in the former case, but with the addition of balls and sockets h and h in the center, to allowr their plane of motion to deviate from a right angle to their axis, or that they may be free to wabble on their shaft D. Now, it is evident that when the shaftD is placed midway between the shafts A and B (the diameter of the vdisks C and C being the same) the motion of the shaft A will be transmitted lto the shaft B through the disks E and E', as in theformer case, and that the speed of the two shafts will be the same. If,how ever, we move the shaft D toward the shaft il, even so far as to allow the surface-contact to be quite on the extreme edge ofthe .disl C, asis shown at Fig. 6,-,the contact-surface on the disk C will be near tothe hub; hent the arrangement will represent a wheel of a iven' diameter driving a wheel of much small rdiameter through the intervention of an idler and the speed of the driven lshaft B will be accelerated. That the reverse of this, or' a diminution of speed, will take place, if the shaft D be moved'nearto the shaft- Ais evi- Y dent, and also that the speed can be varied to any degree between the two extremes of velocity.

- The reason for curvinginstead of beveling the surfaces in a right line is to insure them fitting over the contaet-surfaceson the line of ce11ters,\vliieh would not be the case if beveled the bevels were first adapted. l 1

The second general mode to which I have made allusion is shown at Fig. 3, where the faces of the disks C and C', also E and E', are

` in a right line, exceptinthe position to which and E entire.

vquired position by the bolt and nut C.

v the driving-shaft A by means of the crank creased 'orinereased by moving the lever i to or from' thedriving-shaft..V

o `sides curved in the same manner curved in the same manner as at Figs. -i and ti, and provided with the same badanti-socket.

l Emovement; but. the disks G and (.v arc dished outgflcaving the convex 'faces ot the disks E "llfhen the shaft l) occupies a central positiomthe case is analogous to those .already described; but if it be'brought near to one or thefother of the shafts Aor Bille circumstancesare changed. The disks Eand J' cease.. .to be idlers, but serve themselves to modify z stand,K, the driving-shaft A being provided with a crank, L.

The shaft D has its bearing iu a lever, M, whose fulorum N is provided with a broad surface, that it may be tightened up in any re- The lever -M isof such a length between the fulcrum and the shaft D as to make the center ot' t the shaft- D deviate as little as possible from the plane of the centers of the shafts A and ll in the limits of its motion between them. To illustrate its operation: lf motion be given to L the speed oi' the driven shaft B can bede M Figxy'trepresentsan application ot my inventionto the conversion of rotary into reotilineal motion.

'llie driven disk is replaced by a straight strip of metal, C', having its as the face of the driving-disk C, andthe rectilineal motion of the strip C will be governed in its speed by the position of the intermediate shaft Din the same manner as in all the former instances. ln cases where it is not -admissible to have the three shafts A, D, and B, but. where either the drivel' or the driven can be moved, a plan may be adopted to give Vvariationof speed, which is shown at Fig. S. The disk C on the shaft A has its sides beveled in right lines, as is shown by the "dotted linea: y. The disks E and E are furnished with long hubs, also with springs and washers Lto each. The `faces of the disks E and E are beveled l to match the face of the disk C, and dependence is placed on the lengt-h of the hubs of the disks E and l and the stiffness of the shaft I li to keep the surfaces in contact. In thi:` case the speed is varied by chauginj; the pd Siton of 4the center ol' the driver :in-l. driven in rclationato one another. l. do not, how over, recommend this to be used except. in cxtreme cases, and when there is but. littitx power to be transmitted.

From the above illustrations ot various tion it is evident that the essential feature ot' the whole of them is thcsidc clamping of the disks E and it', so as to obtain the requisite amount of adhesion on the contact-surfaf'cs 0l' the disks (l and t". 'lhis amount; ot' ad hesion is capable of being increased toauy sile strength ot the shaft l). 'lhe contact- .surfaces are on the line of centers between the shafts only. The motion on these sin faces during rotation is a planishing motion, in which new lines of contact are coming into play in a constant change, and thc surfaces and,further, that the application to producing change of velocity is a consequence of the ofthe disks; hence this principle must be tbe fundamental onc on which the theory of' Vits operation is based.

In all my illustrations I have presu ined that the motion and power required can be trans- -mi'tted through one set ot' disks; but it is almost'needless to say that where a great amount of power is to be transmitted a number of sets ot'disks can be placed side by side on the same shafts. i

Having described my invention in relation to its object, nature, and theory of its opera tion in such a manner as to enable the ingenious mechanic to apply it to all forms of machines, l Wish it clearly understood that I do not confine my invention to thc precise -torni and arrangement of parts described; but

What I do claim as new, and desire to sccure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The use -ot damping-wheels or their equivalents to transmit ,motion when said wheels are so arranged as to produce the nocessary pressure uponthe driving-surfaces by a movement at right angles to their plane ot motion, substantially in the manner and ior the purpose spe'ciiied. v

l 2.4 The use of clamping wheels or their the relative position ol' the axis of one or more of such wheels 4may be changed as to pro'- duce a change of velocity, substantiaiiy in the manner speciiied.

COLEMAN SltlLLlilRS. Witnesses:

`rIHnonoan Bandana,

OLIvER tionen.

puedes of applying the principle. ot my invcnrequired amountwithin the limitsoi' the tenare capable ofvbcing kept well lubricated;

inode of producing the pressure on the sidesA equivalents when they are so arranged that' 

